The Treasuries of the Siphnians: Myth, Wealth and Decline Through the Exam of Archaeological Evidence
Palavras-chave:
SifniansResumo
During the Archaic period, Sifnos was one of the wealthiest communities in the Greek world. The island’s gold and silver mines not only captured the imagination of Greek writers such as Herodotus and Pausanias, but also made possible the construction of one of the earliest religious structures fabricated entirely out of marble: the Treasury of the Sifnians in Delphi. Although this magnificent monument has been a subject of continuous scholarly study and debate, little is known about the people who created it. The scant physical and literary evidence left by the Sifnians as well as a discourse that has emphasized the island’s insignificance after the Archaic period, has certainly hampered scholars from dedicating much attention to the island. This paper therefore attempts a more defined picture of the Sifnians by reevaluating ancient texts that discuss the wealth and decay of the island along with rare but important and thus far understudied archaeological, epigraphic and numismatic evidence that has survived on the island.Referências
Angliker, E. forthcoming. “Worshiping the Divinities at the Archaic Sanctuaries on the Cyclades.” In Archaic Sanctuaries of the Cyclades. Edited by A. Mazarakis-Ainian, F. Prost and F. de Polignac. Rennes: Press Université de Rennes.
Ashton, N. G. 1991. Siphnos. Ancient Towers B. C. [s.n.]. Athens.
Birkett-Smith, J. 2005. “On the Towers and Mines of Siphnos." In Proceedings of the Second International Sifnean Symposium, vol. I, 279-294. Athens: Society for Sifnean Studies.
Bonnin, G. 2013. “Athènes, Délos, Siphnos: Quand les relations de voisinage entretiennent l’impérialisme (ca. 500 – 338 a.c.).” In Proceedings of the Fourth Sifnean Symposium, 81–90. Athens: Society for Sifnean Studies.
Bonnin G., and E. Quéré. 2014. Pouvoirs, îles et mer. Formes et modalités de l’hégémonie dans les Cyclades antiques (VIIe s. a.C.-IIIe s. p.C.). Bordeaux: Ausonius Editions, Coll. Scripta Antiqua n°64.
Brenk, F. E. 1998. “Artemis of Ephesos: An avant-garde goddess.” Kernos 11: 157–171.
Brock J. K. and Y. G. Mackworth. 1949. “Excavations in Siphnos.” The Annual of the British School at Athens 44: 1–92.
Brun, P. 2000. “La prospérité après la richesse: Siphnos classique et hellenistique (v-ii siècles av. j.c.).” In: Proceedings of the First International Sifnean Symposium (Sifnos, 25-28 June 1998), 227–238. Athens: Society for Sifnean Studies.
Constantakopoulou, C. 2010. The Dance of the Islands: Insularity, Networks, the Athenian Empire, and the Aegean World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Di Branco, M. 2000. “The Siphnean Destiny: Myth, Religion and Propaganda at the Sources of an Ancient Topos.” In Proceedings of the Ist International Sifnean Symposium (Sifnos, 25-28 June 1998), vol. I, 257–262. Athens: Society for Sifnean Studies.
Droop, J. P. 1923. “A Greek Tower in Naxos.” Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 10/1-2: 41–5.
Godley. A. D., trans. 1920. Herodotus, Histories. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Gruben, G. 1982. “Der Burgtempel A von Paros. Naxos - Paros.”, Archäologischer Anzeiger, 197-229.
Gruben, G. 1993. “Die inselionische Ordnung.” In: Les Grands ateliers d'architecture dans le monde egeen du VIe siècle av. J.-C.: Actes du colloque d'Istanbul, 23-25 mai 1991, edited by J. des Courtils and J. C. Moretti, 97-109. Istanbul-Paris: De Boccard.
Gruben, G. 1997. “Naxos und Delos: Studien zur archaischen Architektur der Kykladen.” Jahrbuch des Deutsche Archaeologischen Instituts, 112: 261-416.
Jones, W.H.S., and H.A. Ormerod, trans. 1918. Pausanias Description of Greece, vol. 1-4. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press and London: William Heinemann Ltd.
KOURAYOS, Y., Despotiko. The Sanctuary of Apollo, Paul & Alexandra Canelopoulos Foundation, Athens, 2012.
KOUROU, N. 2005. Πότνια και Εκβατηρία: παραλλαγές της λατρείας της Αρτέμιδος στη Σίφνο, Πρακτικά B' Διεθνούς Σιφναϊκού Συμποσίου, Σίφνος, 27-30 Ιουνίου, 2002, vol. 1, 227-242. Athens: Society for Sifnean Studies.
LiDonnici L. R. 1992. “The Images of Artemis Ephesia and Greco-Roman Worship: A Reconsideration.” The Harvard Theological Review 85(4): 389–415.
Mazarakis-Ainian, A. 2006. “Siphnos.” In Archaeology Aegean Islands, edited by A. G. Vlachopoulos, 252–255. Athens: Melissa.
Morris, S. P. and J. K. Papadopoulos. 2005. “Greek Towers and Slaves: An Archaeology of Exploitation.” American Journal of Archaeology 109(2): 155–225.
Neer, R- 2001. “Framing the Gift: The Politics of the Siphnian Treasury at Delphi.” Classical Antiquity 20(2): 273—336.
Phillipson J. and C. L. Phillipson, 2000. “Herodotu’s Siphnian Goldmines: A Tale of Duplicity and Divine Retribution.” In Proceedings of the First International Sifnean Symposium (Sifnos 25-28 June 1998), 181–186. Athens: Society for Sifnean Studies.
Pollak, L. 1896. “Von griechischen Inseln.” Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung 21: 188–228.
Ross, L. 1845. Reisen auf den griechischen Inseln des ägäischen Meeres. Stuttgart: Cotta.
Rutishauser, B. 2005. “Siphnos and the Kyklades under the Second Athenian League.” In Proceedings of the Second International Sifnean Symposium (Sifnos 27-30 June 2002), vol. I, 249–256. Athens: Society for Sifnean Studies.
Sheedy, K. A. 1988. “An Archaic Sphinx from Siphnos.” The Annual of the British School at Athens 83: 363–373.
Sheedy, K. A. 1992. “Some Observations on Three Examples of Archaic Sculpture Found on Siphnos. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung 107: 107–117.
Sheedy, K. A. 2000. “The Richest of the Islanders.” In Proceedings of the First International Sifnean Symposium (Sifnos 25-28 June 1998), vol. I, 249–255. Athens: Society for Sifnean Studies.
Sheedy, K.A. 2006a. The Archaic and Early Classical Coinages of the Cyclades. London: Royal Numismatic Society.
Sheedy, K. A. 2006b. “Seriphos and Siphnos.” In The Archaic and Early Classical Coinages of the Cyclades, 41–57. London: Royal Numismatic Society.
Sheedy, K. A. 2006-07. “The Marble Walls of Siphnos. In Proceedings of the 25th Anniversary Symposium of the Australian Archaeological Institute at Athens (Athens 10-12 October, 2005), edited by S. A. Paspalas and J. P. Descoeudres, 67–74. Sydney: University of Sydney.
Wagner, G. A. 2000. “Ancient Gold and Silver Mines of Sifnos.” In Proceedings of the First International Sifnean Symposium (Sifnos 25-28 June 1998), 147–164. Athens: Society for Sifnean Studies.
Wees, H. van. 2013. Ships and Silver, Taxes and Tribute: A Fiscal History of Archaic Athens. London: I.B. Tauris.
Willers, D. 1975. “Zu den Anfängen der archaistischen Plastik in Griechenland.” Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung, Beiheft 4: 1–75.
Wroth, W. 1963. Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Crete and the Aegean Islands. Bologna: A. Forni.
TELEVANTOU, C. A. 2005. “Η Ακρόπολις του Αγίου Ανδρέα Σίφνου: οικιστικές φάσεις», Πρακτικά B' Διεθνούς Σιφναϊκού Συμποσίου (Sifnos, 27-30, June 2002), vol. 1, 61-70. Athens: Society for Sifnean Studies.
TELEVANTOU, C. A., 2010, “Το έργο της διαμόρφωσης και ανάδειξης της Ακρόπολης Αγ. Ανδρέα Σίφνου», Πρακτικά Δ’ Διεθνούς Σιφναϊκού Συμποσίου (Σίφνος 25-26 Ιουνίου, 2010), 11-20. Athens: Society for Sifnean Studies.
Young, J. H. 1956 “Ancient Towers on the Island of Siphnos.” American Journal of Archaeology 60(1): 51–55.
Zafeiropoulou, F. 2005. “Ανάγλυφες Άρτεμης Εφεσίας στη Σίφνο.” In: Proceedings of the Second International Sifnean Symposium (Sifnos 27-30 June 2002), 243–250. Athens: Society for Sifnean Studies.
Downloads
Arquivos adicionais
- Figure2 -Remains of a Tower in Sifnos. Photo Erica Angliker.
- Figure 1- Detail of the sculpted decoration of the Treasury of the Sifnians at Delphi. After A. Mazarakis-Ainian, 2006. “Siphnos.” In Archaeology Aegean Islands, edited by A. G. Vlachopoulos, 252, figure 362. Athens: Melissa.
- List of Figures
- Figure 3-Two large figurines of female (probably Artemis) from the Early Archaic sanctuary in Kastro. After A. Mazarakis-Ainian, 2006. “Siphnos.” In Archaeology Aegean Islands, edited by A. G. Vlachopoulos, 254, figure 363-364. Athens: Melissa.
- Figure 4- Relief with a representation of Artemis Ephesia from the Archaeological museum in Sifnos. After Zafeiropoulou, F. 2005. “Ανάγλυφες Άρτεμης Εφεσίας στη Σίφνο.” In: Proceedings of the Second International Sifnean Symposium (Sifnos 27-30 June 2
- Figure 5-Roman sarcophagus on the Kastro of Sifnos. Photo Erica Angliker
- Figure 6-Roman sarcophagus and stelae on the Kastro of Sifnos. Photo Erica Angliker
- Figure 1-Map of the Cyclades by T. Ross
- Revised Paper_ The Treasuries of the Siphnians: Myth , Wealth and Decline Through the Exam of Archaeological Evidence
- List of Figures-
- Figure 2. Detail of the Sculpted Decoration of the Treasury of the Siphnians at Delph
- Figure 3. Map of Siphnos Showing the Main Archaeological Sites on the Isla
- Figure 4. Siphnos View of the Kastro
- Figure 5. Plan of the Acropolis of Siphnos
- Figure 6. Ivory Seals and Pendants
- Figure 7. Head of a Lion, Siphnos
- Figure 8. Terrace of Lions in Delos
- Figure 9. Head of a Sphinx, Siphnos
- Figure 10. Sphinx from Delos
- Figure 11. Sphinx from the Delion in Paros
- Figure 12. Map with the Towers of Siphnos
- Figure 13. Remains of the Aspros Tower in Siphnos
- Figure 14. Map of Siphnos Showing the location of Aspros Tower
- Figure 15. Plan of Aspros Tower.
- Figure 16.Tower of Aghia Triada in Amorgos
- Figure 17. Ionic Column Incorporated to the Local Architecture of a House on the Kastro of Siphnos.
- Figure 18. Plan of the Acropolis of Aghios Andreas
- Figure 19. Siphnos Clay Figurine-1
- Figure 20. Siphnos Clay figurine-2
- Figure 21. Clay Figurine from Despotiko
- Figure 22. Detail on the Decoration of the Clay Figurine
- Figure 23. Relief with a representation of Artemis Ephesia
- Figure 24. Roman Sarcophagus on the Kastro of Sifnos
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Ao se submeterem textos para a PhaoS, seus autores devem estar cientes de que, se aprovados para publicação, a revista terá sobre eles todos os direitos autorais pertinentes. Originais não serão devolvidos.
